New H3N2 offshoot raises concern
A new offshoot of influenza A (H3N2) with increased transmissibility is causing concern, according to Professor of Molecular Virology Dr Petros Karayiannis, who spoke on the show “Protoselido”. He explained that this virus originates from the H3N2 strain, which experts had already expected to circulate in the community this year. The professor said health authorities now closely monitor this development as part of routine influenza surveillance.
Variant with seven mutations
According to Dr Karayiannis, the original H3N2 strain is part of the seasonal flu vaccine, but the situation changed in recent months. “In June this specific virus acquired seven mutations that differentiate it,” he said, adding that “there is concern as to whether the vaccine will cover it very well.” He noted that scientists now assess how effectively existing vaccines respond to this new variant of the virus.
Vaccine still offers important protection
He placed special emphasis on the importance of vaccination. As the professor explained, “the vaccine still contains another type A flu virus, H1N1, and one influenza B virus.” For this reason, he underlined that “the recommendation is not to avoid vaccination, because we will at least protect ourselves against three possible infections.” He added that vaccination remains a key tool to reduce serious illness and complications, especially for vulnerable groups.
Mild illness but higher transmissibility
Despite the mutations, Dr Karayiannis appeared reassuring about how severely the virus makes people ill. “Scientists believe that, if someone becomes infected, they will experience a milder form of illness and at least will not need hospitalisation,” he said. At the same time, he stressed that “because there is no immunity in the community to this particular strain, many believe it has increased transmissibility.” He explained that this combination of milder clinical course but easier spread has prompted health authorities to step up vigilance.
Rising cases in Europe, USA and Asia
The virus now spreads rapidly in many countries. “This is what we are seeing not only in the United Kingdom, but also in the United States and other European countries,” Dr Karayiannis said. He added that “in the Far East, and specifically in Japan, increasing numbers of cases and hospitalisations are being reported.” He noted that these international trends make it highly likely that the strain will continue to spread globally over the coming weeks.
Cyprus likely to be affected
Asked about the situation in Cyprus, Dr Karayiannis answered clearly: “Of course it will also come to Cyprus, if it is not already here.” He explained that “due to Christmas, many students studying in the United Kingdom and Greece, where the virus is already present, may bring it here in large numbers.” He pointed out that increased travel and family gatherings during the holidays create favourable conditions for faster transmission of respiratory viruses.
He stressed that the festive season tends to favour the spread of viruses. “Christmas is the season of get-togethers,” he said, noting that “we will be worried about catching not only the flu, but also RSV, coronaviruses and other respiratory infections.” Dr Karayiannis urged the public to stay particularly careful in closed, crowded spaces and to protect those at higher risk in family circles.
Symptoms more intense than usual flu
Referring to the clinical picture, the professor explained that “the symptoms are a little more intense than in regular flu.” As he described, they include “headache, fever, sore throat, dry cough, runny nose and sweating.” He highlighted as a key feature of influenza “the intense pain in the joints and muscles, where the patient often feels as if a steamroller has passed over them.” He said these symptoms distinguish flu from a simple cold.
When to see a doctor
He urged people to pay particular attention when symptoms persist. “When fever lasts beyond three days, there is shortness of breath or confusion, then we must definitely consult a doctor,” he underlined. He explained that “one of the complications of flu is the development of pneumonia,” which can become serious, especially for high‑risk patients. He noted that early medical assessment in such cases helps prevent further deterioration and allows timely treatment.
Use of antibiotics and antivirals
Dr Karayiannis made it clear that “antibiotics are not used for viral infections.” As he said, “only if complications arise are antibiotics given, and we should not insist if the doctor believes they are not necessary.” In contrast, he noted that “there are two antiviral drugs that can be used in cases where they are indicated.” He stressed that doctors must always prescribe these treatments and that patients should take them within the appropriate time window from the onset of symptoms.
Protecting vulnerable groups
He made special reference to vulnerable groups. “The virus targets young children, the elderly, people who belong to vulnerable groups as well as pregnant women,” he said. He stressed that “vaccinations should already have been completed by those who fall into these categories.” According to Dr Karayiannis, timely vaccination and prompt medical attention in case of symptoms play a crucial role in avoiding complications in these high‑risk populations.
Self‑protection and recovery at home
In conclusion, the professor called on the public to follow basic preventive measures. “Personal hygiene is essential,” he said, adding that “if we have symptoms, we take a test so as not to contribute to the spread.” He concluded that “when someone has flu, staying at home, drinking plenty of fluids, taking vitamin C and resting are absolutely necessary for recovery.” He noted that such simple measures protect both the patient and those around them.
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