Trump’s terms and Tehran’s response as diplomatic bargaining continues

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Negotiations between the United States and Iran over ending the Middle East crisis have entered a critical phase, with a two-hour meeting in the White House Situation Room ending on Friday without a final decision from President Donald Trump.

Although Washington believes it is close to reaching an agreement with Tehran, key issues remain unresolved, most notably Iran’s nuclear programme and the release of frozen Iranian assets.

The White House made clear that Trump will only accept an agreement if it is “good for America” and if the president’s “red lines” are respected. “Iran cannot have nuclear weapons,” a White House official told Agence France-Presse (AFP) following the meeting, which concluded without any public announcements.

Speaking at the Shangri-La Dialogue forum in Singapore, U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth echoed that position, stating that the United States possesses vast weapons stockpiles and is “more than capable” of resuming military action against Iran.

“We are absolutely capable” of restarting military operations “if necessary,” Hegseth said, stressing that Washington remains committed to ensuring that “Iran will not obtain nuclear weapons.”

Earlier, Trump outlined six key conditions for a deal with Tehran: a commitment that Iran will not develop a nuclear bomb, the removal and destruction of enriched uranium in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the immediate reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, the removal of transit fees, the clearing of naval mines, and no release of frozen Iranian funds “until further notice.”

Tehran responded sharply. Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Esmaeil Baghaei said that “no final agreement has yet been reached,” adding that “the country rejected the language of ‘must’ 47 years ago.” He also insisted that decisions regarding the management of the Strait of Hormuz should be made jointly by Iran and Oman.

Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, meanwhile, called on the United States to demonstrate genuine political will for an agreement, stating that Iran remains ready for a “dignified framework” to bring the conflict to an end.

At the same time, Israel’s announcement that its forces would advance deeper into southern Lebanon has kept the region on a dangerous escalation path, despite what the U.S. administration described as “productive” talks between military officials from the two countries at the Pentagon on Friday, the first such discussions in decades.

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ON THIS DAY: 3.4-billion-year-old fossils revealed (1977)

On 23 October 1977, palaeontologist Elso Barghoorn announced the discovery of fossilised single-celled organisms estimated to be 3.4 billion years old, offering remarkable evidence of life on the early Earth. The announcement highlighted the possibility that microscopic life had emerged relatively early in Earth's history, long before plants, animals or other complex organisms appeared. Barghoorn was known for his pioneering work in palaeobiology, particularly his research into ancient microorganisms and the origins of life. Why ancient microfossils matter Unlike the fossilised bones and shells commonly associated with prehistoric life, ancient microfossils can be extremely difficult to identify. Their structures are tiny, and geological processes over billions of years can alter or obscure their original appearance. Researchers study these specimens to understand when life first appeared, what early organisms may have looked like and the environments in which they survived. Evidence of such ancient life is also important to astrobiology, as scientists investigate whether similar conditions might have supported microorganisms elsewhere in the solar system. The continuing search for Earth's earliest life The interpretation of some of the world's oldest proposed microfossils remains a subject of scientific debate. Structures that resemble microorganisms can sometimes form through non-biological processes, making independent chemical and geological evidence essential. Nevertheless, Barghoorn's work helped establish the study of ancient microscopic life as a major field of scientific research. Nearly half a century after his 1977 announcement, the search for Earth's earliest organisms continues to reshape our understanding of how life began.

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