A surge in weight-loss treatments
On Mumbai’s Shivaji Park, early-morning walkers circle the track, only to later indulge in samosas and jalebis – a snapshot of India’s complex relationship with health and indulgence. This backdrop sets the stage for a new wave of weight-loss treatments poised to change the country’s approach to obesity.
The expiry of the patent for semaglutide, the hormone-mimicking protein at the heart of Novo Nordisk’s Ozempic, in India this March has triggered a commercial and medical frenzy. Analysts predict a price war could slash costs by up to 90%, potentially creating a $1 billion market.
Pharma production ramps up
India, often called the “pharmacy of the world,” is expected to replicate its past success in making HIV medications affordable. At least 10 Indian firms, including Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Cipla, OneSource Specialty Pharma, and Biocon, have begun manufacturing semaglutide injections. Some companies are investing up to $100 million to scale up production and develop drug-device combinations, including pre-filled syringes.
Domestic and global reach
Biocon aims to launch by 2027, targeting both domestic and international markets including Brazil and Canada. Dr. Reddy’s plans to launch generics in 87 countries next year. Experts from Pharmaceuticals Export Promotion Council of India (Pharmexcil) predict monthly doses could fall to $77 initially, eventually reaching $40. US prices will remain higher due to extended patent protection.
Transformative impact on patients
For patients like Mahesh Chamadia, 70, semaglutide-like drugs have been life-changing. After trying diets, yoga, and exercise for decades, Chamadia lost 10 kilograms in nine months and achieved unprecedented blood sugar control using Eli Lilly’s tirzepatide (Mounjaro).
While prices are high, around 25,000 INR ($280) per month, patients report dramatic improvements in blood sugar, triglycerides, cravings, and energy.
Concerns over misuse
Doctors caution that weight-loss drugs are not a quick cosmetic fix. Dr. Rajiv Kovil and Dr. Atul Luthra stress that injections work best alongside regular exercise and proper diet. Clinics advertising pre-wedding slimming programs raise concerns over misuse, and side effects can include nausea, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal pain.
Looking ahead
As semaglutide generics prepare to flood the Indian market, policymakers face a dual challenge: leveraging these treatments to address a looming obesity epidemic while ensuring lifestyle interventions aren’t sidelined. For many patients, including Chamadia, the drugs represent more than weight loss, they are a path to controlling diabetes, fatty liver, and lipid levels.
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