What is hybrid warfare?
In light of the “videogate” controversy and government claims of a hybrid attack on the Republic of Cyprus, security expert Dr Petros Petrikkos spoke on the show “Protoselido” to clarify what “hybrid warfare” really means, its boundaries, and how it can be politically exploited.
Dr Petrikkos explained that hybrid threats are not a new phenomenon, either globally or in academic literature. “There is no universally accepted definition,” he noted, with some scholars describing it as “old wine in new bottles” – traditional methods repackaged for modern contexts.
Combining conventional and unconventional tactics
Hybrid warfare typically involves a mix of conventional and unconventional methods across multiple levels. This can include traditional conflict, even military intervention, alongside technological and informational tools aimed at weakening a state or society. Cyberattacks are a common feature, often making attribution extremely difficult.
Timing does not prove an attack
Regarding the controversial video, Dr Petrikkos highlighted that while timing can be politically significant, it alone cannot confirm a hybrid attack. The key factor is the presence of vulnerabilities that third parties could exploit for political gain.
Risks of political misuse
Dr Petrikkos acknowledged that the term “hybrid warfare” can be used politically – to shift blame or justify decisions – but this does not exclude the possibility of genuine malicious action. Corruption, for example, can amplify vulnerabilities, eroding public trust and making society more susceptible to disinformation.
Institutional trust as a target
Hybrid threats often aim to undermine institutional trust, creating conditions for political manipulation and social instability. Malicious use of real or fabricated data can inflict social and political damage, a pattern increasingly observed in European countries.
Cyprus’ preparedness and challenges
Dr Petrikkos noted that Cyprus actively participates in international security organisations and has strengthened its role in recent years. However, he highlighted gaps in leveraging expert knowledge, stressing the need for organised advisory teams for the executive branch. “This is how serious states operate,” he said, while recognising Cyprus’ limitations due to its size and resources.
Prevention and societal resilience
Preventing and countering hybrid threats is complex. Identifying perpetrators remains difficult, but measures such as fostering a security culture and improving public awareness can mitigate risks. Cyprus faces additional challenges due to its ongoing national security concerns, which remain central to state priorities.
Also read: Police continue investigation into leaked video controversy
For more videos and updates, check out our YouTube channel
