Wastewater study across Europe
Drug use patterns in Cyprus changed significantly in 2025, with sharp increases in amphetamine and methamphetamine detected in several cities, according to research published by the SCORE network in cooperation with the European Union Drugs Agency (EUDA).
The Europe-wide study analysed urban wastewater in 115 cities across 25 countries, including Cyprus, to estimate the consumption of addictive substances. Results released by the Cyprus National Addictions Authority and the University of Cyprus show that overall drug use remains lower than the European average, but trends are shifting in certain areas, especially in urban and tourist centres.
Sharp rise in amphetamine and methamphetamine
Amphetamine use rose dramatically, increasing by 260% in Limassol and 258% in Ayia Napa. Although levels in Cyprus remain lower than in northern and central European cities, the upward trend has raised concern among experts.
Methamphetamine also recorded strong local increases, rising by 287% in Ayia Napa and 115% in Larnaca, while decreasing in Limassol. Across Europe, methamphetamine use remains relatively limited and concentrated mainly in central European countries, but it is now being detected in more locations, including Cyprus.
Mixed trends in cocaine and MDMA
Cocaine use increased in Larnaca by 93% but fell sharply in Limassol by 66%. Overall, levels remain lower than in many western and southern European cities, where the drug is more widespread, particularly in Belgium, the Netherlands and Spain.
Across Europe, MDMA use declined between 2024 and 2025, though local variations were recorded in Cyprus. Limassol showed the largest decrease, while Larnaca recorded the biggest rise, at 157%. Despite these changes, usage levels remain comparatively low.
Cannabis and ketamine also rising
Cannabis use increased in all districts between 2024 and 2025, with the largest rises in Nicosia and Limassol, smaller increases in Ayia Napa and Larnaca, and relative stability in Paphos. Even with the increase, Cyprus still reports lower levels than many European countries.
Ketamine use decreased in Limassol but increased in Larnaca, reaching levels similar to those seen in several central European cities. Across Europe, ketamine use is also rising, especially in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands.
Need for monitoring and early action
Authorities say the findings show that Cyprus remains in a relatively favourable position but that changing patterns require close monitoring and early intervention. Wastewater epidemiology is described as a key early-warning tool that helps shape public-health policy and prevention measures.
The president of the Cyprus National Addictions Authority, Dr Christos Minas, said wastewater analysis allows scientists to detect changes in drug use early and design targeted prevention strategies, stressing that scientific data must translate into effective public-health action.
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