Hamas is re-establishing Gaza control months after the US-imposed ceasefire halted the war with Israel, restoring policing, taxation, and governance across much of the territory.
Security and governance return to the streets
Residents and activists say the group has rebuilt its presence in more than 90% of the areas where it operates. Police patrol markets, security agencies pursue suspected collaborators, and civilians must again rely on Hamas-run institutions for identity papers, courts, and medical procedures.
The renewed authority follows a devastating conflict that left tens of thousands dead, displaced most of Gaza’s population, and destroyed large parts of its infrastructure, according to figures from the Hamas-run health ministry.
Taxes, traders, and economic pressure
Market traders report aggressive enforcement of rent, fees, and import taxes despite weak sales and widespread poverty. Some allege threats or force against those who refuse payment, while cash transactions help conceal revenue flows.
Hamas spokesman Hazem Qassem described the measures as emergency governance required during crisis conditions, arguing that authorities must act firmly against profiteering and non-compliance.
Disarmament demands under Trump peace plan
The next phase of the peace initiative led by US President Donald Trump hinges on Hamas surrendering weapons and authority. Israeli officials insist the war cannot truly end unless the group disarms, while Hamas signals conditional openness to addressing the issue without abandoning resistance.
The Israel Defence Forces say Hamas remains diminished but is attempting to rebuild capabilities during the ceasefire. Both sides continue to report casualties from sporadic violence.
Power struggle inside Gaza
After the ceasefire, Hamas moved quickly against rival clans to restore dominance, even as an international stabilisation force and a new technocratic Palestinian administration remain stalled outside the territory.
Although Hamas has indicated willingness to transfer governance, activists report new internal appointments that critics interpret as an effort to preserve long-term influence. The group denies any significant recruitment.
A decisive moment for Gaza’s future
Reconstruction plans, humanitarian aid, and long-term stability all depend on resolving Hamas’s role in Gaza. Israeli-held zones near Rafah may soon host new housing and services designed to draw civilians away from Hamas-run areas, testing the group’s grip on the population.
After years of war over land and power, the struggle for Gaza’s people – and for lasting Gaza control – now enters a critical phase.
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