On 27 February 1902 John Steinbeck (d. 1968), the renowned American writer whose powerful storytelling and social commentary cemented his place as one of the greatest literary figures of the 20th century was born. Awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize in Literature (1962), Steinbeck remains a defining voice in American literature, known for his deep empathy for the working class and his unflinching depiction of social injustices.
His best works and legacy
Steinbeck’s most famous novel, The Grapes of Wrath (1939), won the Pulitzer Prize and became a defining piece of American literature. It chronicles the struggles of the Joad family, who are forced to leave their drought-ridden farm during the Great Depression, facing poverty, exploitation, and hardship as they seek a better life in California. The novel’s raw realism and criticism of economic inequality made it both celebrated and controversial, leading to its banning in certain parts of the United States for its stark portrayal of class struggles and perceived socialist undertones.
Another of his masterpieces, Of Mice and Men (1937), is a tragic tale of friendship and dreams between two displaced ranch workers, George and Lennie. The novella’s themes of loneliness, human dignity, and the American Dream have made it a staple in school curriculums, though it too has faced bans due to its depiction of race, disability, and violence.
His epic novel East of Eden (1952) is considered by many to be his magnum opus, a sprawling, multigenerational family saga set in California’s Salinas Valley. It explores themes of good and evil, family dynamics, and personal redemption, drawing inspiration from the biblical story of Cain and Abel.
Influence and significance
Steinbeck’s works gave voice to the marginalised, exposing the harsh realities of migrant workers, farmers, and the poor in America. His writing is characterised by a mix of realism, poetic prose, and deep psychological insight into human nature. He captured the spirit of an era, documenting the Great Depression and Dust Bowl migration with authenticity and compassion.
Beyond literature, his works influenced social policies and public awareness. The Grapes of Wrath was instrumental in shaping discussions on labour rights, while his non-fiction book Travels with Charley (1962) reflected on the changing American landscape.
Though he faced criticism, particularly for his left-leaning political views, Steinbeck’s ability to humanise complex social issues made him a writer of lasting relevance. His impact extends beyond literature into film adaptations, academic discussions, and ongoing cultural debates.
Also read: Eight books that have been banned and why you should read them
