The silver-cheeked toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus) continues to pose one of the greatest challenges to Cyprus’ marine ecosystems and coastal fisheries, with authorities stepping up efforts to limit its spread through a targeted subsidy scheme already in operation.
Speaking to SigmaLive, Katarina Georgiou from the Department of Fisheries and Marine Research outlined the current situation in Cypriot waters, ongoing management measures and the emergence of other invasive marine species in the island’s Exclusive Economic Zone.
Highly adaptable invasive species
Georgiou explained that the silver-cheeked toadfish is among the most significant invasive alien species in the Eastern Mediterranean, arriving through the so-called “Lessepsian migration” via the Suez Canal.
She noted that no official population estimate currently exists for the species in Cypriot waters, making it difficult to assess its total abundance or long-term development trends.
However, available data from landings and fishing activity show that the species has spread widely across coastal areas of Cyprus. Its rapid expansion is attributed to its adaptability, broad diet and lack of natural predators.
Subsidy scheme to support removal efforts
A key tool in managing the species is a subsidy scheme introduced in June 2024, which will run until the end of 2029.
The programme aims to reduce populations through targeted fishing pressure by professional coastal fleets and is implemented by groups of licensed fishermen. It is funded by the European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund and the Republic of Cyprus, with a total budget of €1.395 million.
Fishermen receive €4.73 per kilogram of caught silver-cheeked toadfish. So far, 11 collective groups involving around 150 fishermen have participated, with approximately €487,000 already paid for the collection of about 103 tonnes of the species.
Monitoring other invasive species
The species is also monitored under the EU Data Collection Framework, although officials stress that long-term scientific studies are needed to fully understand population trends and ecological impacts.
Georgiou also highlighted the presence of other invasive species, including the lionfish (Pterois miles), which has established significant populations in Cypriot waters. Despite its venomous spines, it is edible and promoted for fishing and consumption as a way to control its spread.
Another recent arrival is the sea catfish (Plotosus lineatus), first recorded in Cyprus in 2025 in the Protaras area. While venomous, it has not yet shown significant ecological or fisheries impact.
Climate change and Suez Canal migration
Georgiou concluded that the arrival of new alien species in the Mediterranean is an ongoing process linked to climate change, rising sea temperatures and migration through the Suez Canal, underlining the need for continuous monitoring and scientific assessment.
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